Research on the formulation and revision of radiological parameters in the "Standards for Drinking Water Quality（GB5749-2022）" in China / 中华预防医学杂志

The radioactive safety of drinking water has attracted increasing public concern. The newly issued Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB5749-2022) in China has revised the radiological parameters. This article provides an overview of the main sources, levels of radionuclides in drinking water, and summarized the individual doses criterion and adverse health effects associated with exposure of the public to radionuclides from drinking-water. It analyzes and discusses the relevant revision content of radiological parameters, including the guidance values for screening gross α and gross β, subtracting the contribution of potassium-40 from gross β activity when the gross β activity concentration exceeds the screening level, and the basis for establishing the limit values of reference indices uranium and radium-226. Specific implementation and evaluation suggestions are also proposed.

Wounding characteristics and treatment principles of ground anti-armored vehicle ammunition against armored crew / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

The wound mechanism, injury characteristics and treatment principles of anti-armored vehicle ammunition against armored crew in the past 20 years are summarized in this paper. Shock vibration, metal jet, depleted uranium aerosol and post armor breaking effect are the main factors for wounding armored crew. Their prominent characteristics are severe injury, high incidence of bone fracture, high rate of depleted uranium injury, and high incidence of multiple/combined injuries. During the treatment, attention must be paid on that the space of armored vehicle is limited, and the casualties should be moved outside of the cabin for comprehensive treatment. Especially, the management of depleted uranium injury and burn/inhalation injury are more important than other injuries for the armored wounds.

Concentration of uranium levels in groundwater

The uranium isotopes during their course of their disintegration decay into other radioactive elements and eventually decay into stable lead isotopes. The cause of environmental concern is the emanation of beta and gamma radiation during disintegration. The present study tends to estimate uranium in groundwater trapped in granite and gneiss rocks. Besides, the study aims at estimating the radiation during natural disintegration process. The water samples were collected and analyzed following inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric technique while water sample collection was given to the regions of Kolar District, South India, due to the representation. The significant finding was the observation of very high levels of uranium in groundwater compared to similar assays reported at other nearby districts. Also, the levels were considerable to those compared to groundwater levels of uranium reported by other scientists. On the basis of this study, it was inferred that the origin of uranium was from granite strata and there was a trend of diffusion observed in the course of flow-path of water in the region

Selective spectrophotometric determination of thorium, uranium and lanthanum using arsenazo I

Several techniques are used for the determination of Th, U and La in different media. But these techniques are limited considering the performance, including UV/VIS Spectrophotometer, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, atomic absorption and emission spectrometry [1,2]. The atomic absorption spectrometry isn't applicable for the determination of Th and U because of the non-availability of the hollow cathode lamps[3]. Strong claims are made for the specificity and sensitivity of NAA, ICP-AES and ICP-MS, inspite of the fact that interference is a problem using these techniques. Hence the application of organic reagents for the spectrophotometric determination of these elements is well-known and continues to be applied[4]. Several organic and inorganic reagent have been reported for the spectrophotometric determination of Th, U, and La[5,6]. Arsenazo I is considered to be suitable for the spectrophotometric determination for many elements because it is commercially available and is water-soluble. The reagent has ability to form stable complexes in strong acidic and basic media. Th, U and La often coexist in ores like monazite and other minerals and their selective determination is a problem in analytical chemistry[4] therefore the aim of the present investigation is to establish a procedure for the selective determination of Th, U, and La depending on pH adjustment

Uranium, radium and radon exhalation studies in geological samples belonging to some areas of punjab, using track etching technique.

With a view to prospect the uranium, radium and radon concentration and related health risk assessments in areas of Muktsar and Ferozepur districts in Punjab, the fission track registration technique has been used for the analysis of water and soil samples. Uranium content in water ranged from 5.47 to 10.19 microg/l(-1) and 6.28 to 11.74 microg/l(-1) for Muktsar and Ferozepur respectively. Uranium content in soil samples of Muktsar and Ferozepur ranged from 1.14 to 1.90 mg/kg(-1) and 1.26 to 2.44 mg/kg(-1) respectively. Radium concentration in these soil samples has been found to vary from 3.97 to 15.94 bq/kg(-1) and 7.24 to 24.14 bq/kg(-1) for Muktsar and Ferozepur respectively. The radon exhalation values were calculated in terms of area (E(A)) and mass (E(M)). The values of E(M) ranged from 4.9 to 20.6 (mbqkg(-1) hr(-1)) for Muktsar and 9.4 to 31.3 (mbqkg(-1)hr(-1)) for Ferozepur and values of E(A) ranged from 173 to 728 (mbqm(-2)hr(-1)) for Muktsar and 330 to 1102 (mbqm(-2)hr(-1)) for Ferozepur district. These values in general are low and not significant from health hazard point of view. The values of uranium concentration in water samples of these areas are lower than those reported for soil and water samples of Himachal Pradesh. These values are also lower than those reported by Singh et al. for the rocks belonging to uranium and copper mines of Bihar.

Spectral and thermal studies of uranyl-pyrocatechol complexes and their application for determination of uranyl ions

The information and stability of uranyl ion complexes with pyrocatechol [P.C.] were studied spectrophotometrically, through the effect of pH and time on the coloured complexes formed, the determination of their stoichiometry and the calculation of their stability constants. Based on these studies, general conclusions on the stability, structure and optical properties of UO[2] -P.C. complexes were derived and their significance and the sensitivity for spectrophotometric determination of UO[2++] in aqueous solution were outlined. The solid UO[2]-P.C. complexes were isolated in two ratios 1:2 and 1:3 and characterized using elemental analysis, IR spectra and thermal analysis [DTA and TG] in order to investigate their structures and thermal stability